ABSTRACT
Background: SARS-CoV- 2 tropism for the ACE2 receptor, along with the multifaceted inflammatory reaction, is likely to drive the generalized hypercoagulable state seen in patients with COVID-19. Aim(s): We aimed identify microRNAs (miRNAs) play role in ACE2-related thrombosis in coronavirus infection and validated the expressions of those miRNAs in 79 hospitalized COVID-19 patients and 32 healthy volunteers and monitored miRNAs patterns during the acute phase of COVID-19, as well as the prognostic potential biomarker. Method(s): Using the original bioinformatic workflow and network medicine approaches we reanalyzed four coronavirus-related expression datasets and performed co-expression analysis focused on thrombosis and ACE2 related genes. Blood RNA;quality RNA was assessed: Fluorometric assay;RT-PCR for miRNAs expression measurement. Result(s): We identified EGFR, HSP90AA1, APP, TP53, PTEN, UBC, FN1, ELAVL1 and CALM1 as regulatory genes which could play a pivotal role in COVID-19 related thrombosis. We also found miR-16- 5p, miR-27a- 3p, Let-7b- 5p and miR-155- 5p as regulators in coagulation and thrombosis process. We observed in separate cohort of COVID-19 patients and healthy controls that (i) expression of miR-16- 5p, miR-27a- 3p and miR-155- 5p increased during observation, compared to the baseline measurement;(ii) a low baseline miR-16- 5p expression presents predictive utility in assessment of the hospital length of stay or death in follow-up as a composite endpoint (AUC:0.810, 95% CI, 0.71-0.91, p < 0.0001);(iii) low baseline expression of miR-16- 5p and T2DM are independent predictors of increased length of stay or death according to a multivariate analysis (OR: 9.417;95% CI, 2.647-33.506;p = 0.0005 and OR: 6.257;95% CI, 1.049-37.316;p = 0.044). Conclusion(s): This study enabled us to better characterize changes in gene expression and signaling pathways related to COVID-19 thrombosis. In this study we identified, characterized and validated miRNAs which could serve as novel, thrombosis-related biomarkers of the COVID-19, can be used for early stratification of patients and prediction of severity of infection development in an individual. (Figure Presented).
ABSTRACT
Public health community worldwide encouraged by successes of former campaigns have always accepted vaccination as the most effective way to handle infectious diseases pandemics. Even before the outburst of SARS-CoV-2 pandemic in many countries mandatory vaccination against many diseases, especially child related had been implemented. From among 193 countries under study in as many as 105 (54%) such obligation existed and in 62 of them (59%) at least one form of punishment or harm for those opposing was involved. Following this sort of available solutions and facing COVID-19 pandemic disaster the authors on behalf of the Public Health Committee of the Polish Academy of Science recommend to the government implementation od mandatory vaccination against COVID-19 for all workers in sectors of health care, education and welfare.
ABSTRACT
Occurrence of the COVID-19 Pandemic was totally unexpected, and governments of all countries were surprised. Pandemics always raises the feeling of fear and health policy is interested in such phenomena. In this specific case it was fully justified as COVID-19 was new and unknown. Everywhere the populations found themselves in psychological position presented years ago by Ulrich Beck in book Risk Society. Influencing and shaping society's emotions - both feelings of safety and feelings of fear had a fundamental importance for social behaviour. In time when first information about COVID-19 came from China and Poland was still free from any infection, the government's representatives tried to play down the seriousness of the virus and equated the COVID-19 to a seasonal flu. At that time, it could have been justified as an attempt to avoid panic. But with the first episodes of infections the tone of messages essentially changed, and the virus was presented as a lethal danger. Such a context was applied as a direct rationalization of general lockdown and a broad catalogue of restrictions in social contacts. However, when The Presidential Election was approaching (with the act of balloting demanding presence of people in a polling station), the content of messages presented to the public changed again. In the new version the virus itself was shown as rather innocent and the pandemic was contained and under control. In this way all voters, including elderly people, were encouraged to take part in the election. If lessons are to be drawn from the past, we might conclude that in time of a pandemic, the instrumental management of social emotions and feelings is not always the best way of communicating with the general public.